> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.openbrim.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.openbrim.org/examples/steel-bridge-examples/example-steel-i-girder-bridge-ex1-sig/construction-ex1-sig.md).

# 7. Construction

This section defines the staged construction sequence for the bridge, enabling time-dependent analysis with proper load application at each phase.

{% hint style="info" %}
Construction staging is essential for accurate analysis of steel bridges, as it captures non-composite behavior during erection and composite behavior after deck curing.
{% endhint %}

## Construction Stages

| Stage                                                                                                                                                            | Description                                                 |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
| [Construction Stage](/examples/steel-bridge-examples/example-steel-i-girder-bridge-ex1-sig/construction-ex1-sig/construction-stage-ex1-sig.md)                   | Define the overall construction timeline and stage sequence |
| [Superstructure Construction](/examples/steel-bridge-examples/example-steel-i-girder-bridge-ex1-sig/construction-ex1-sig/superstructure-construction-ex1-sig.md) | Girder erection, deck pouring, and barrier placement        |
| [Substructure Construction](/examples/steel-bridge-examples/example-steel-i-girder-bridge-ex1-sig/construction-ex1-sig/substructure-construction-ex1-sig.md)     | Bearing, pier, foundation, and pile construction            |

## Staged Construction Workflow

1. **Substructure Construction**: Foundations, piles, columns, and caps
2. **Bearing Installation**: Place bearings at support locations
3. **Girder Erection**: Steel girder and cross-frame placement
4. **Deck Construction**: Concrete deck pouring sequence
5. **Superstructure Attachments**: Barriers and roadway elements

## Key Concepts

* **Non-composite Stage**: Steel girders carry construction loads before deck hardens
* **Composite Stage**: Combined steel-concrete section after deck curing
* **Time-dependent Effects**: Creep and shrinkage per CEB-FIP 1990


---

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