# Construction Stage
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**Navigation:** Construction > Construction Stage
For detailed parameter explanations, see the [Construction Stage Reference](https://docs.openbrim.org/templates/steel-i-girder-bridge-workflow/construction-sig/construction-stage-sig).
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**Step 1:** Set name as **SubstrConstStage**.
**Step 2:** Keep the **Prior Stage** as default.
**Step 3:** Keep the **Construction Method** as default.
You can refer to the Quick Tip below to learn about the working principle of the Construction Method parameter.
Quick Tip: Learn what the 'Construction Method' parameter means.
In Staged Construction Analysis, when joints are activated they normally enter at the location that was initially given to them. Joints sometimes need to become active in a location relative to the deformed structure of the model, rather than in an exact position known ahead of time.
The construction method option of construction stages specifies how to place a joint relative to the deformed location of other joints.
In Steel I Girder Bridges, deck formwork deforms and follows girder displacements. Therefore deck nodes should be constructed by shifting the node down to match the translational displacement of the girders nodes. This can be achieved with the **Construction Method = Equal** option of construction stages.
-20221025-140722.png?api=v2)
**Step 4:** By using the option **‘Select’** ,set the **Load Type** to **Dead.** Then click **‘OK’.**
### Step 6
Keep the **Active** as default.
**Step 5:** Keep the **Time Dependent** parameters as default.
### Step 8
Keep the **Nonlinear** parameters as default.
**Step 6:** Keep the **AASHTO N-3N parameters** as default.
**Step 7:** Set **material** parameter to **deck** material to modify the modulus of elasticity for each stage. Enter **Composite Section** parameter as long-term for permenant loads and short-term for transient loads.
You can refer to the Quick Tip below to get information about the Composite Section.
Quick Tip: Learn what the 'Composite Section' parameter means.
For the **Composite Section** parameter refer to AASHTO(2020) 6.10.1.1.1-Stresses.
The modular ratio should be taken as = n = E/Ec, where Ec = modulus of elasticity of the concrete.
-20221022-123326.png?api=v2)
Short term and long term applications depends on the sequence of loading which results in the stress at the section.
**Per AASHTO(2020) 6.10.1.1.1b—Stresses for Sections in Positive Flexure**
For transient loads assumed to be applied to the short-term composite section, the concrete deck area shall be transformed by using the short-term modular ratio, n. For permanent loads assumed applied to the long-term composite section, the concrete deck area shall be transformed by using the long-term modular ratio, 3n. Where moments due to the transient and permanent loads are of opposite sign at the strength limit state, the associated composite section may be used with each of these moments if the resulting net stress in the concrete deck due to the sum of the unfactored moments is compressive. Otherwise, the provisions of Article 6.10.1.1.1c shall be used to determine the stresses in the steel section. Stresses in the concrete deck shall be determined as specified in Article 6.10.1.1.1d.
| **Construction Stage** | |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Stage
\
SubstrConstStage NULL None Dead Yes\
GirderStage SubstrConstStage None Dead Yes\
SIPFormworkStage GirderStage None Dead Yes\
Cast1PourStage SIPFormworkStage None Dead Yes\
Cast2PourStage Cast1PourStage None Dead Yes\
Cast3PourStage Cast2PourStage None Dead Yes\
Cast123GainStiffStage Cast3PourStage Equal Change Yes\
Cast4PourStage Cast123GainStiffStage None Dead Yes\
Cast5PourStage Cast4PourStage None Dead Yes\
Cast45GainStiffStage Cast5PourStage Equal Change Yes\
FBarrierStage Cast45GainStiffStage None Imposed Dead Yes\
FutureWearingStage FBarrierStage None Wearing Surface Yes\
LLStage FutureWearingStage None Live (Vehicular + Impact) Yes\
WSStage FutureWearingStage None Wind on Structure Yes\
TUExpStage FutureWearingStage None Temperature Yes\
TUContrStage FutureWearingStage None Temperature Yes\
BRStage FutureWearingStage None Braking Yes\
CentStage FutureWearingStage None Centrifugal Yes\
WLStage FutureWearingStage None Wind on Live Yes\
| AASHTO N-3N
\
SubstrConstStage NULL NA\
GirderStage NULL NA\
SIPFormworkStage NULL NA\
Cast1PourStage NULL NA\
Cast2PourStage NULL NA\
Cast3PourStage NULL NA\
Cast123GainStiffStage Fc\_4ksiforDeck Long-Term(3n)\
Cast4PourStage Fc\_4ksiforDeck Long-Term(3n)\
Cast5PourStage Fc\_4ksiforDeck Long-Term(3n)\
Cast45GainStiffStage Fc\_4ksiforDeck Long-Term(3n)\
FBarrierStage Fc\_4ksiforDeck Long-Term(3n)\
FutureWearingStage Fc\_4ksiforDeck Long-Term(3n)\
LLStage Fc\_4ksiforDeck Short-Term(n)\
WSStage Fc\_4ksiforDeck Short-Term(n)\
TUExpStage Fc\_4ksiforDeck Short-Term(n)\
TUContrStage Fc\_4ksiforDeck Short-Term(n)\
BRStage Fc\_4ksiforDeck Short-Term(n)\
CentStage Fc\_4ksiforDeck Short-Term(n)\
WLStage Fc\_4ksiforDeck Short-Term(n)\
|
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The completed construction stages are illustrated below. Please verify that you have the same model on your end by examining each view provided here. For more information on how to perform visual checks, refer to the quick tips.
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To view the entire procedure explained on this page, please watch the recorded Video below.
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Construction Stags
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